Waste as a resource / editors: R. E. Hester and R. M. Harrison.

The library holds a complete hardcopy set of 'Issues in environmental science and technology'.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Machine generated contents note: Advanced Thermal Treatment of Wastes for Fuels, Chemicals and Materials Recovery / Paul T. Williams -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Pyrolysis -- 2.1.Bio-oil Production -- 2.1.1.Upgrading of Bio-oil -- 2.2.Pyrolysis Oils from Other Wastes -- 2.3.Pyrolysis Chars -- 2.4.Pyrolysis Gases -- 2.5.Material Recovery from Wastes -- 2.6.Reactors for Pyrolysis -- 2.6.1.Fixed-bed/batch Pyrolysis -- 2.6.2.Screw Kiln Pyrolysis -- 2.6.3.Fluidised Bed Pyrolysis -- 2.7.Examples of Semi-commercial and Commercial Pyrolysis Systems -- 3.Gasification -- 3.1.Introduction to Gasification -- 3.2.Influence of Gasification Conditions -- 3.2.1.Influence of Gasification Temperature -- 3.2.2.Introduction of Catalyst in Gasification -- 3.3.Gasification Reactors -- 3.3.1.Fixed-bed Gasification -- 3.3.2.Fluidised-bed Gasification -- 3.3.3.Entrained-flow Gasification -- 3.3.4.Other Novel Gasifiers -- 3.4.Examples of Commercial and Semi-commercial Gasification Systems -- Acknowledgements --

Contents note continued: References -- Resource Recovery from Mine Waste / Andrew J. Bloodworth -- 1.Introduction -- 2.What is Mine Waste? -- 3.Environmental Impacts of Mine Waste -- 4.Why Recover Resources from Mine Waste? -- 5.Recovery Technologies -- 6.Recovery Case Studies -- 6.1.Metal Recovery from Bauxite Tailings -- 6.1.1.Iron, Titanium and Aluminium Oxides -- 6.1.2.Scandium, Yttrium, Vanadium and Rare Earth Elements (REE) -- 6.2.Precious Metal Recovery from Gold Tailings -- 6.2.1.Gold, Silver and Base Metals -- 6.3.Nickel and Cobalt Recovery from Nickel Laterite Tailings -- 6.3.1.Nickel and Cobalt -- 6.4.Cobalt and Copper Recovery from Copper Tailings -- 6.5.Indium Recovery from Zinc, Copper, Lead and Tin Refining -- 6.5.1.Indium Recovery from Zinc Refining -- 6.5.2.Indium Recovery from Tin Refining -- 6.5.3.Indium Recovery from Lead Refining -- 7.Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Waste to Wealth using Green Chemistry / Avtar S. Matharu -- 1.Introduction --

Contents note continued: 1.1."Waste" - A Growing Problem and A Growing Opportunity -- 1.2.Waste Policy and Waste Valorisation -- 2.The Food Supply Chain Waste (FSCW) Opportunity -- 2.1.Case Study 1: Citrus Waste -- 2.2.Case Study 2: Food Waste in Hong Kong -- 3.Electronic Waste Opportunity -- 3.1.Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment -- 3.2.Environmental Legislation: WEEE Directive, RoHS, REACH, EuP and ERP -- 3.3.Case Study: Liquid Crystals Displays -- 3.3.1.Demanufacturing aad Resource Recovery -- 3.4.Future Outlook -- References -- Plastic Packaging: Not a Throw-away Resource / Karl S. Williams -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Plastic Packaging -- 2.1.Types of Plastic Packaging Used -- 3.Drivers in Legislation for Plastic Packaging -- 3.1.Background to UK Waste and Sustainability -- 3.2.The Role of Legislation -- 3.3.Implementation of Packaging Legislation within Countries -- 4.Plastic Packaging Collection -- 5.Plastics Recycling --

Contents note continued: 5.1.Separation, Sorting and Recycling of Plastic Packaging -- 6.Future for Plastic Packaging -- References -- Phosphorus Recovery from Wastewater / Peter Cornel -- 1.Introduction -- 2.Phosphate in Wastewater Treatment -- 2.1.Sources of Phosphate in Wastewater -- 2.2.Removal Phosphate in Wastewater Treatment -- 2.2.1.Enhanced Phosphate Removal -- 2.3.Release of Phosphate in Anaerobic Sludge Stabilisation -- 2.4.Fate of Removed Phosphate in Wastewater Treatment -- 3.Starting Points for Phosphorus Recovery -- 3.1.Phosphate Recovery from Wastewater -- 3.1.1.Phosphate Recovery in the Main Stream -- 3.1.2.Phosphate Recovery from Concentrated Side-streams -- 3.1.3.Precipitation of Phosphate within Digested Sludge -- 3.2.Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge -- 3.2.1.Wet Chemical Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge -- 3.2.2.Thermal Processes: Phosphorus Recovery with a Smelting-gasification Technology for Sewage Sludge, using the Mephrec Process --

Contents note continued: 3.3.Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge Ashes (SSA) -- 3.4.Direct Phosphorus Recovery in the Electro-thermal Phosphorus Industry -- 3.5.Direct Recycling of Sewage Sludge Ash as Starting Material for Fertiliser -- 3.6.Acidic Wet Chemical Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge Ash -- 3.6.1.The Sequential Precipitation Process -- 3.6.2.Liquid-Liquid Extraction -- 3.6.3.Use of Ion-exchangers -- 3.6.4.Separation of Cations by Nanofiltration -- 3.6.5.Phosphorus Recovery by a Direct Alkaline Elution of Sewage Sludge -- 3.7.Thermo-chemical Recovery of Phosphate (ASH-Dec Process) -- 4.Cost of Phosphorus-recovery Processes -- 5.Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Recent Developments in the Area of Waste as a Resource, with Particular Reference to the Circular Economy as a Guiding Principle / Shao Liming -- 1.The Role of Solid Waste in a Circular Economic System -- 1.1.Introduction --

Contents note continued: 1.1.1.The Support of Resource Recovery from Solid Waste to Economic Development -- 1.1.2.Policies Embodying Economic Laws are the Primary Methods to Improve the Development of Solid Waste Reclamation -- 1.2.Theory and Method of a Circular Economy -- 1.2.1.Theory of a Circular Economy -- 1.2.2.Circular Economic Methodology -- 2.The New Measures for Solid Waste Reclamation Promoted by the Circular Economy -- 2.1.Principles and Standards -- 2.2.Consumption and Manufacture of Products -- 2.3.Waste Generation -- 2.4.Waste Collection -- 2.5.Sorting and Recovery of Waste -- 2.6.Energy Recovery from Waste -- 2.7.Recycling of Waste -- 2.8.Landfilling -- 3.Global Progress of the Circular Economy -- 3.1.Germany -- 3.2.European Union -- 3.3.Japan -- 3.4.United States -- 3.5.China -- References -- Recycling Policy: The Sound Material Cycle Society and 3R Concepts from Japan to Developing Asia / Yasuhiko Hotta --

Contents note continued: 1.Introduction: Recycling Policy and Sustainable Waste and Resource Management for Developing Economies -- 2.Institutionalisation and Governance of Recycling -- 3.Japan's Sound Material Cycle Society Policy -- 3.1.Support for Development of Infrastructure for Recycling -- 3.2.Support Model Project on the 3Rs -- 3.3.Information Exchanges -- 3.4.Coordination with Other Stakeholders -- 3.4.1.Coordination between MOEJ, METI and the Industrial Sector -- 3.4.2.Revision of Product-specific Recycling Laws -- 3.4.3.Coordination with Experts through the Central Environmental Council -- 4.Challenges of Developing Economies -- 4.1.Government Capacity and Inter-agency Coordination -- 4.2.Industrial Infrastructure and Technology-transfer for Recycling -- 4.3.A Well-organised Recycling Market for Local Economy and Green Jobs -- 5.Opportunities for Developing Economies -- 5.1.Setting Clear Strategy and Policy Objectives, and its Follow-up --

Contents note continued: 5.2.Coordination among different Ministries and with Local Governments -- 5.3.Linking Recycling Policy with Infrastructure Development -- 5.4.Collaboration among Stakeholders, especially Citizens' Participation and Awareness-raising -- 5.5.Establishment of a Stable Recycling Market -- 6.Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Composting and Compost / Ed Stentiford -- 1.Overview -- 2.The Objectives of Composting -- 3.The Role of Microorganisms in the Process -- 4.Carbon Fuelling the Composting Process -- 5.Energy Release and its Effect on Temperature -- 6.Key Factors Affecting the Rate of Composting -- 6.1.Available Nutrients -- 6.2.Structure of the Material -- 6.3.Moisture Content -- 7.Controlling Pathogens in Composting -- 8.Producing a Stable Compost -- 9.The Main Stages in a Composting Process -- 9.1.Shredding -- 9.2.Mixing -- 9.3.Composting -- 9.4.Screening -- 9.5.Maturation -- 10.Types of Process -- 10.1.Aeration by Agitation - Windrows --

Contents note continued: 10.2.Forced Aeration -- 10.3.Agitation and Forced Aeration -- 11.Compost Quality -- 12.Composting Rules of Thumb -- References -- Landfill as a Resource / William Powrie -- 1.Introduction -- 2.What is Landfill? -- 2.1.A Brief History of Waste Disposal -- 2.2.Landfill Processes -- 2.3.The Modern Landfill -- 3.Waste in the UK -- 3.1.Current Arisings -- 3.2.What is in UK Landfills? -- 4.The Future for Landfill -- 5.Energy from Landfill Gas -- 6.Landfill Mining -- 6.1.Background -- 6.2.Methods -- 6.3.The Future -- 7.Landfill as a Carbon Sink -- 8.Conclusions -- References.